The latest request for information (RFI) issued by the Indian Army shows that its anti-drone strategy has been upgraded. (Representative via Getty Images)
India's national security needs top priority as its neighbors Pakistan and China are promoting drone technology.
The Indian Army is strengthening its defenses through a series of new countermeasures to deal with the growing threat posed by Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). While the military already deploys various radars, integrated drone detection systems and advanced weapons and equipment, the military is now looking to further strengthen its defense capabilities through the procurement of advanced anti-drone high power microwave (AUHPM) systems .
The latest request for information (RFI) issued by the Indian Army shows that its anti-drone strategy has been upgraded. The RFI calls for the procurement of a counter-drone high-power microwave (Mk II) system, which is expected to provide advanced surveillance, detection and tracking capabilities. The system will be equipped with a microprocessor for precision targeting solutions and a high-power microwave weapon system capable of “hard kill” (destruction) or “soft kill” (destruction) operations.
The document clearly states that the military seeks systems with at least 50% indigenous content, which also reflects the Atmanirbhata (self-reliance) defense technology.
Drones, a bigger threat
Recent global events have highlighted the growing importance of drones in modern warfare.
In April 2024, Iran launched a large-scale drone attack on Israel, deploying more than 170 drones, one of the largest such attacks in military history. Israel’s effective countermeasures are striking. Likewise, drones and drones have been used extensively in the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia.
India's national security needs top priority as its neighbors Pakistan and China are promoting drone technology. China already has strong counter-drone capabilities, while Pakistan is increasing drone production and countermeasures. Both countries have developed a variety of drones, with Pakistan also developing them with assistance from China.
challenge
Experts point out that while larger UAV systems like the MQ-9 and Bayraktar TB2 are relatively easier to detect and attack, smaller UAVs make more challenging targets due to their size.
Countermeasures against such platforms include jamming and deception (soft kill) and sabotage (hard kill). However, every strategy has its challenges. Jamming an entire spectrum band, for example, could disrupt other operations, while spoofing faces technical obstacles such as strong encryption. Hard-kill methods, while seemingly simple, require range, precision, and advanced systems.
Comprehensive approach: soft kill versus hard kill
“Successfully countering these threats requires a combination of soft-kill and hard-kill strategies,” a senior defense official said.
Countries such as Russia and Ukraine have effectively employed hard-kill and soft-kill tactics in ongoing conflicts. Systems such as Krashuka, Leer-3, Repellent-1 and Pole 21 are known for successful jamming and deception, while net guns, high-energy lasers and HPM devices are used to destroy targets.
India's preparedness
India currently has systems in place to deal with drone threats, but is continuously upgrading and modifying these systems to cope with the advanced capabilities of modern drones.
“We have already taken steps, but we are also looking to upgrade. For example, we are exploring smart munitions for our guns, such as pre-fragmentation munitions. Work is going in that direction. Our Integrated Drone Detection System (IDDS) and Drone Kill Systems (DKS) are already operational, but we must stay ahead of evolving threats,” the official added.
The Indian military is committed to integrating soft-kill and hard-kill solutions. Both the Indian Army and Air Force are responsible for air defence, and integrating advancements will enhance their capabilities against aerial threats. The need for hybrid systems and the Common Air Defense Tracked Platform (CADET) is critical.
“We are looking for an HPM system with a range of not less than 5 kilometers. The system can operate in various terrains, including high altitude areas below 4,500 meters above sea level, plains, deserts and coastal areas. We have provided Flexibility, but our basic requirements are clear – we want the best system possible,” the official concluded.
