Jim Steele
from peer review Detecting and attributing Northern Hemisphere land surface warming from anthropogenic and natural sources (1850-2018): the challenge of insufficient data
Soon et al. (2023): most stations For comparing urbanization in the mid-19th century and today… Rural and urban trends are 60% higher than rural only Record. It seems plausible that this additional warming is at least partly the result of an urbanization bias.
Figure A shows US weather stations with at least 70 years of data. Blue dots indicate a cooling trend (34%), and red crosses indicate a warming trend (66%). The station has Warming trends are concentrated in areas with the most urban heat islands (Figure B), such as the Northeast, Lake Michigan region, and the West Coast. Contradicting the uniform global warming effect of carbon dioxide, the cooling weather stations observed were uncoordinated near warming stations. However, this contrasting phenomenon is easily explained by natural vegetation versus urban heat islands.
According to infrared satellite data, surface temperatures in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, reached 118 degrees Fahrenheit in July 2019 (red in Figure D, gray areas in Figure C using natural colors). The natural temperature only reaches 68F (blue in Figure D, dark green area in Figure C). For example, the large blue area in the northwest of Figure D is Eagle Creek Park.
Urban heat islands are the centers of most heat-related deaths. Saving lives from the effects of unnatural extreme heat requires reducing the urban heat island effect. Reducing CO2 emissions has nothing to do with it!
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