When I grew up in the suburbs of Ohio, I was used to seeing the disappearance of farmland and Woods. For the new market segment, the strip and dance shopping center and large stores have free room. I usually don't welcome these changes, but I think others have done it. If people don't want to live in the suburbs, why do I see this development everywhere?
But the situation looks more complicated. Although the entire United States is still familiar, many urban planning and housing experts believe that this is not due to the enthusiasm of the United States for the huge parking lot, but due to market dysfunction. They believe that many people are eager for dense and walking communities. They walked around.
What kind of community issues are more important for Americans to climate change. The emissions of families in the suburbs of the United States are much higher than their peers, which are mainly due to cars. Establishing more intensive walking development projects may greatly reduce these emissions-assuming that enough people choose to live in such a community and find suitable housing there.
How to restrict housing choices in single household partitions
Jonathan Levine, a professor of urban and regional planning at Michigan for decades, has been considering these issues for decades.
He said: “Your idea, the reason why we spread is because people want to spread: this is indeed the main point of view in the early 21st century.”
His book in 2006 was questioned. Its argument: partition distorts the US real estate market, and limits housing choices by making the spread of common factor spread in most parts of the country. In many cities, land use laws and regulations make construction town villas, duplex apartments, apartment buildings, grandma apartments, etc. (other things other than single households) illegal-about 75 % of land for residential use. In some places, this number rises to more than 90 %.
Lyvin said: “Some people say, 'Americans want big houses.' But:” If all Americans want large houses with big houses and can afford large houses, do we need a single household partition? Absolutely not … The fact that we formulate these partition regulations in an exclusive manner is that evidence shows that we are defending something. Instead of the desire of everyone; some people-closer, accepting higher density, maybe more urban life style. “
Lenvin said that nearly two decades later, his peers no longer controversial. After the secondary mortgage crisis, people have a better understanding of the harmful impact of land use regulations and the awareness of soul search, which has led to a huge change in opinions.
“this [urban] The planning community, economics majors and academic circles are very concerned about the negative impact of partitions, which limits density to excessive low density. He said. “They think this is the obstacle that the market provides people. “
What do you say?
As the disadvantages of spreading in recent decades have become more and more clear, the advocates that the group has formed a form of development of alternatives. One of them is the intelligent growth plan of the National Real Estate Broker Association. This is the trading association of the real estate agent. Agent pointed out that although their customers are increasingly wanting to be real estate in pedestrian areas, they are not enough to satisfy satisfaction Require.
Hugo Morris said: “The word 'intelligent growth' in the mid -1990s was roughly a reaction to the 40 or 50 years of development we have.” In the past six years. “Obviously, this development has some negative effects.”
One of the goals of the plan is to provide information on real estate preferences of Americans to help guide decisions on development and policies. To this end, Morris investigates 2,000 people in the 50 largest metropolitan regions in the United States every two years in the past ten years to understand what quality they are looking for when they decide to live, asking at home and and. The size of the yard to the highway channel to the highway to highway, crime and school quality.
The results show that “since 2015, the desire for pedestrian nature has been steadily growing, so that it has beyond the desire of single household/driving position, reaching the degree of error range.” In the investigation in 2023, 56 % of the respondents said that if they were moving, they would accept a smaller yard as a better -walking community. It is required to choose in houses that depend on the car area, as well as town villas or apartments that provide short commutes and pedestrian and restaurants. 53 % of people chose the latter (an increase of 8 % compared to 2015).
However, not all questionnaires that check American housing preferences have reached the same conclusion. 53 % of the 5,079 respondents from all over the country said that they would rather live in a community in 2023 in a question survey of this theme in 2023. Large houses, and in schools, stores, stores, shops, and far places, there are restaurants for a few miles away, not a house, a smaller and closer house together with walking schools, shops and restaurants. Petou also conducted the same investigation in 2021 and 2019. The results were similar.
High prices indicate that demand is high
Michael Rodriguez, a non -profit intelligent growth US research director in Washington, DC.
“Everyone wants more space in their house; this is not very strange,” he said. “This is always the space and commuting in your home, work visits and convenient facilities.”
He said that the number of different types of housing units also provides imperfect specifications for Americans. “Do people buy a lot of houses in the suburbs? Well, we don't want to build anything.” He said.
Although this statement may be exaggerated, it highlights a real concern. Rodriguez and co -authors Christopher Leinberger wrote in a 2023 report that in the 35 largest metropolitan regions in the United States, the average walking community accounted for only 1.2 % of the land, with an average of only land, with an average of only 1.2 %. 11.6 % of all non -rental housing.
“The driving suburban housing occupies the most land of the 35 subways, about 90 %, low -density partitions and Nimby [Not in My Back Yard] The opposition does not allow the market to produce walkable city products, without many years of law and neighborhood battles. “The author pointed out.
If the response of the investigation and the sales of houses did not clearly tell us where Americans want to live most, what? Rodriguez believes that the answer is money. His 2023 report shows that compared with alternatives that depend on automobile dependence, people across the country are willing to spend more money to buy houses and rental apartments and business spaces. In the 35 areas studied, the sales price of houses in 2021 in the pedestrian area rose 34 % average, while the average rents of the office and more households in the same year were 44 % and 41 %, respectively.
He said: “The premium of walking urbanism is a market indicator that tells us that many people really want this thing, but it is not enough.”
Jonathan Levine, who did not participate in the report, said he agreed to his general investigation results.
He wrote in an email: “There is no reason to make the cost of pedestrian urbanism higher than the suburban suburbs, especially because of the use of land more effectively because of the pedestrian community.” Establishing and expanding walkable communities. The supply of these communities remains low. Compared with people who like automatic -oriented communities, people are unlikely to find (affordable) a family that is suitable for its preferences. If the regulations are not so difficult to develop, the demand for the walking community is strong. ”
Density outside the urban area
Rodriguez said that it can make a car -centered area. It provides its own Tysons community for its Tysons community (Washington Special Economic Zone) as proofs.
“You will see what is built and the changes in the past ten years-this is day and night.”
In recent years, local governments have invested a lot of funds, so that the region will describe it as “a 24 -hour urban center for people's living, work and entertainment” by 2050. As a result, Rodriguez, a land specially used in the parking lot, said that houses were one of the tallest skyscrapers in the region and a performance place for performances of Broadway travel performances. “Now, we have apartments and apartment buildings near the subway [subway stop]Essence There are several new hotels. He said. “All these have improved convenience, walking, and provided people with a place to live near the subway. “
Rodriguez said that the project and similar projects show that it is possible to achieve walking outside the city. He said: “People want this form of life, maybe they don't want to enter the city center-it doesn't matter.” “More and more in other areas where they live, there are more needs in other parts of the suburbs.”
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