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    Artemis 1 demonstrates adequate radiation shielding for crewed lunar missions – watts?

    cne4hBy No Comments4 Mins Read

    “We Already Knew This From the Apollo Program” with Guest David Middleton

    NASA's “crash test dummies” Helga and Zohar and an array of radiation instruments have shown that the Artemis spacecraft provides adequate shielding for short-term lunar missions. These measurements were recently published in nature.

    oneradiation instruments and models inside Orion. These include the NASA HERA system, the ESA EAD system, and the NASA CAD and DLR M-42 instruments. The HERA system and EAD are hard-mounted in various clearly shielded locations throughout Orion. CAD and M-42 were placed on the anterior and posterior surfaces (skin) and interior (organs) of the MARE phantom (M-42) (Extended Information Figure 1-4). SecondThe placement of instruments and hardware inside the Orion spacecraft. cOrion flight profile versus radiation from NASA's Artemis I mission. After Orion was launched at 06:47 UTC on November 16, 2022, it passed through the inner (proton-dominated) and outer (electron-dominated) Earth's radiation belts. Orion then ventured into interplanetary space dominated by the GCR. It flew by the moon twice on November 21 (the first flyby of the moon, a distance of 130 kilometers) and on December 5 (the second flyby of the moon, a distance of 128 kilometers). During these flybys, the Moon acts as a barrier against the GCR. Orion re-entered the Earth's atmosphere over the Antarctic at 17:40 UTC on December 11, 2022, and landed in the Pacific Ocean near San Diego, California. Natural ISSN 1476-4687

    The paper is open access and the full text is available free of charge. The summary is as follows:

    abstract

    Space radiation is a significant hazard of long-term human spaceflight1. Related risks include cancer, cataracts, degenerative diseases2 and tissue reactions resulting from massive, acute exposure.3. Space radiation originates from many sources, including galactic cosmic rays4trapped particle (Van Allen) band5 and solar particle events6. Previous radiation data came from the International Space Station and space shuttles in low Earth orbit, protected by heavy shielding and the Earth's magnetic field7,8 and lightly shielded interplanetary robotic probes such as the Mars Science Laboratory and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter9,10. Limited data from the Apollo missions11,12,13 Ground measurements with extensive caveats are also available14. Here we report radiation measurements from the heavily shielded Orion spacecraft during the unmanned Artemis 1 lunar mission. At different shielding locations inside the vehicle, a fourfold difference in dose rates was observed during the proton belt passage, similar to large reference solar particle events. Orion's interplanetary cosmic ray dose equivalent rate 60% lower than previous observations9. In addition, changes in the spacecraft's orientation during proton belt transit resulted in a reduction in radiation dose rates of approximately 50%. These measurement results verify the effectiveness of Orion's future manned exploration and provide information for the design of future manned space missions.

    George et al., 2024

    artemis ii

    Artemis 2 could launch as early as September 2025.

    Artemis 2 map
    NASA
    Artemis 2 will be the first crewed flight of NASA's deep space exploration system: the Orion spacecraft, the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and ground systems at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. During the mission, the four astronauts will confirm that all of the spacecraft's systems are functioning as designed in the actual environment of deep space over the course of the approximately 10-day mission. Artemis 2 flight tests will pave the way for the first woman and next man to land on the moon aboard Artemis 3.

    The four-person crew will include:

    • Lieutenant Colonel Reed Wiseman
    • pilot victor glover
    • Mission Specialist Christina Koch
    • Mission Specialist Jeremy Hanson
    On August 8, 2023, the Artemis 2 crew was in front of the Orion crew module in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Victor Glover, pilot; Reed Wiseman, commander; Christina Hammock Koch, mission specialist.
    NASA/Kim Shifflett

    The SLS rocket will launch from Launch Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center.

    NASA's Space Launch System rocket carries the Orion spacecraft during the Artemis 1 flight test at Launch Complex 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Wednesday, November 16, 2022. NASA's Artemis I mission is the first comprehensive flight test of the agency's deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and ground systems. SLS and Orion launched at 1:47 a.m. EST from Launch Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center. Photo credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

    refer to

    George, SP, Gaza, R., Mattia, D. et al. Space radiation measurements during the Artemis 1 lunar mission. nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07927-7

    Just in case you need…

    Comparison of lunar and terrestrial basalts. Urumqi

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